2025 USA-NA-AIO Round 1, Problem 3, Part 11

Part 11 (5 points, non-coding task)

Compute

\frac{d \sigma \left( z \right)}{dz} .
  • Express your answer using \sigma \left( z \right) only (e^z or e^{-z} should not appear in your final solution).

  • Reasoning is required.

\color{green}{\text{### WRITE YOUR SOLUTION HERE ###}}

We have

\begin{align*} \frac{d \sigma \left( z \right)}{d z} & = \frac{e^{-z}}{\left( 1 + e^{-z} \right)^2} \\ & = \boxed{ \sigma \left( z \right) \left( 1 - \sigma \left( z \right) \right) } . \end{align*}

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